1 00:00:05,060 --> 00:00:07,550 it began here at the Kennedy Space 2 00:00:07,550 --> 00:00:07,560 it began here at the Kennedy Space 3 00:00:07,560 --> 00:00:10,220 it began here at the Kennedy Space Center Florida last summer a pair of 4 00:00:10,220 --> 00:00:10,230 Center Florida last summer a pair of 5 00:00:10,230 --> 00:00:12,919 Center Florida last summer a pair of spacecraft Viking 1 and Viking 2 were 6 00:00:12,919 --> 00:00:12,929 spacecraft Viking 1 and Viking 2 were 7 00:00:12,929 --> 00:00:14,690 spacecraft Viking 1 and Viking 2 were readied for their separate journeys to 8 00:00:14,690 --> 00:00:14,700 readied for their separate journeys to 9 00:00:14,700 --> 00:00:15,609 readied for their separate journeys to Mars 10 00:00:15,609 --> 00:00:15,619 Mars 11 00:00:15,619 --> 00:00:19,029 Mars each is really two spacecraft in one a 12 00:00:19,029 --> 00:00:19,039 each is really two spacecraft in one a 13 00:00:19,039 --> 00:00:21,349 each is really two spacecraft in one a 5,000 pound orbiter with cameras and 14 00:00:21,349 --> 00:00:21,359 5,000 pound orbiter with cameras and 15 00:00:21,359 --> 00:00:24,259 5,000 pound orbiter with cameras and communications gear and sealed inside to 16 00:00:24,259 --> 00:00:24,269 communications gear and sealed inside to 17 00:00:24,269 --> 00:00:26,240 communications gear and sealed inside to saucer-like capsules at the other end 18 00:00:26,240 --> 00:00:26,250 saucer-like capsules at the other end 19 00:00:26,250 --> 00:00:28,820 saucer-like capsules at the other end the Viking landing craft a camera 20 00:00:28,820 --> 00:00:28,830 the Viking landing craft a camera 21 00:00:28,830 --> 00:00:30,740 the Viking landing craft a camera equipped automated biological and 22 00:00:30,740 --> 00:00:30,750 equipped automated biological and 23 00:00:30,750 --> 00:00:32,959 equipped automated biological and chemistry laboratory and seismic station 24 00:00:32,959 --> 00:00:32,969 chemistry laboratory and seismic station 25 00:00:32,969 --> 00:00:34,790 chemistry laboratory and seismic station which has been purged of earthly 26 00:00:34,790 --> 00:00:34,800 which has been purged of earthly 27 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:38,560 which has been purged of earthly organisms by being heated in a huge oven 28 00:00:38,560 --> 00:00:38,570 organisms by being heated in a huge oven 29 00:00:38,570 --> 00:00:42,530 organisms by being heated in a huge oven the 11-month 420 million mile trip for 30 00:00:42,530 --> 00:00:42,540 the 11-month 420 million mile trip for 31 00:00:42,540 --> 00:00:44,779 the 11-month 420 million mile trip for the two Viking orbiter Landers was set 32 00:00:44,779 --> 00:00:44,789 the two Viking orbiter Landers was set 33 00:00:44,789 --> 00:00:49,369 the two Viking orbiter Landers was set in motion by two launches one in August 34 00:00:49,369 --> 00:00:49,379 in motion by two launches one in August 35 00:00:49,379 --> 00:00:54,020 in motion by two launches one in August one in September Earth shrinks smaller 36 00:00:54,020 --> 00:00:54,030 one in September Earth shrinks smaller 37 00:00:54,030 --> 00:00:56,180 one in September Earth shrinks smaller and smaller as the two Vikings head 38 00:00:56,180 --> 00:00:56,190 and smaller as the two Vikings head 39 00:00:56,190 --> 00:00:58,849 and smaller as the two Vikings head toward their Martian rendezvous then 40 00:00:58,849 --> 00:00:58,859 toward their Martian rendezvous then 41 00:00:58,859 --> 00:01:02,000 toward their Martian rendezvous then braking rockets fire on command slowing 42 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:02,010 braking rockets fire on command slowing 43 00:01:02,010 --> 00:01:04,070 braking rockets fire on command slowing the first Viking Explorer II enough that 44 00:01:04,070 --> 00:01:04,080 the first Viking Explorer II enough that 45 00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:07,789 the first Viking Explorer II enough that it goes into orbit around Mars for the 46 00:01:07,789 --> 00:01:07,799 it goes into orbit around Mars for the 47 00:01:07,799 --> 00:01:09,530 it goes into orbit around Mars for the next two weeks the orbiting spacecraft 48 00:01:09,530 --> 00:01:09,540 next two weeks the orbiting spacecraft 49 00:01:09,540 --> 00:01:11,800 next two weeks the orbiting spacecraft will survey the surface below 50 00:01:11,800 --> 00:01:11,810 will survey the surface below 51 00:01:11,810 --> 00:01:14,000 will survey the surface below transmitting pictures of possible 52 00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:14,010 transmitting pictures of possible 53 00:01:14,010 --> 00:01:19,070 transmitting pictures of possible landing sites to scientists on earth the 54 00:01:19,070 --> 00:01:19,080 landing sites to scientists on earth the 55 00:01:19,080 --> 00:01:21,289 landing sites to scientists on earth the Martian surface should be a study in 56 00:01:21,289 --> 00:01:21,299 Martian surface should be a study in 57 00:01:21,299 --> 00:01:25,370 Martian surface should be a study in contrasts from vast dust swept plains to 58 00:01:25,370 --> 00:01:25,380 contrasts from vast dust swept plains to 59 00:01:25,380 --> 00:01:27,350 contrasts from vast dust swept plains to immense canyons and frost covered 60 00:01:27,350 --> 00:01:27,360 immense canyons and frost covered 61 00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:30,170 immense canyons and frost covered plateaus huge gullies and channels 62 00:01:30,170 --> 00:01:30,180 plateaus huge gullies and channels 63 00:01:30,180 --> 00:01:32,060 plateaus huge gullies and channels photographed by earlier Mariner 64 00:01:32,060 --> 00:01:32,070 photographed by earlier Mariner 65 00:01:32,070 --> 00:01:34,039 photographed by earlier Mariner spacecraft are believed to have been 66 00:01:34,039 --> 00:01:34,049 spacecraft are believed to have been 67 00:01:34,049 --> 00:01:36,350 spacecraft are believed to have been caused by running water sometime in the 68 00:01:36,350 --> 00:01:36,360 caused by running water sometime in the 69 00:01:36,360 --> 00:01:42,140 caused by running water sometime in the distant past if all goes as planned the 70 00:01:42,140 --> 00:01:42,150 distant past if all goes as planned the 71 00:01:42,150 --> 00:01:44,120 distant past if all goes as planned the first Viking Lander will separate from 72 00:01:44,120 --> 00:01:44,130 first Viking Lander will separate from 73 00:01:44,130 --> 00:01:46,550 first Viking Lander will separate from the orbiting command ship and descend to 74 00:01:46,550 --> 00:01:46,560 the orbiting command ship and descend to 75 00:01:46,560 --> 00:01:49,370 the orbiting command ship and descend to the Martian surface landing at 9:40 p.m. 76 00:01:49,370 --> 00:01:49,380 the Martian surface landing at 9:40 p.m. 77 00:01:49,380 --> 00:01:52,999 the Martian surface landing at 9:40 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time July 4th the 78 00:01:52,999 --> 00:01:53,009 Eastern Daylight Time July 4th the 79 00:01:53,009 --> 00:01:55,010 Eastern Daylight Time July 4th the second Viking is scheduled to land on 80 00:01:55,010 --> 00:01:55,020 second Viking is scheduled to land on 81 00:01:55,020 --> 00:01:58,490 second Viking is scheduled to land on September 4 1000 miles to the northeast 82 00:01:58,490 --> 00:01:58,500 September 4 1000 miles to the northeast 83 00:01:58,500 --> 00:02:02,060 September 4 1000 miles to the northeast of Viking 1 how will Viking go about 84 00:02:02,060 --> 00:02:02,070 of Viking 1 how will Viking go about 85 00:02:02,070 --> 00:02:04,999 of Viking 1 how will Viking go about looking for life on Mars we asked dr. 86 00:02:04,999 --> 00:02:05,009 looking for life on Mars we asked dr. 87 00:02:05,009 --> 00:02:07,459 looking for life on Mars we asked dr. Richard Young NASA's chief of planetary 88 00:02:07,459 --> 00:02:07,469 Richard Young NASA's chief of planetary 89 00:02:07,469 --> 00:02:11,089 Richard Young NASA's chief of planetary biology we look for life on Mars in much 90 00:02:11,089 --> 00:02:11,099 biology we look for life on Mars in much 91 00:02:11,099 --> 00:02:13,010 biology we look for life on Mars in much the same way we would look for life on 92 00:02:13,010 --> 00:02:13,020 the same way we would look for life on 93 00:02:13,020 --> 00:02:13,430 the same way we would look for life on Earth 94 00:02:13,430 --> 00:02:13,440 Earth 95 00:02:13,440 --> 00:02:16,040 Earth if we were forced to use an automated 96 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:16,050 if we were forced to use an automated 97 00:02:16,050 --> 00:02:18,080 if we were forced to use an automated device and we don't send a scientist 98 00:02:18,080 --> 00:02:18,090 device and we don't send a scientist 99 00:02:18,090 --> 00:02:20,270 device and we don't send a scientist along if we were sending a little wagon 100 00:02:20,270 --> 00:02:20,280 along if we were sending a little wagon 101 00:02:20,280 --> 00:02:22,670 along if we were sending a little wagon out into the Sahara Desert or one of the 102 00:02:22,670 --> 00:02:22,680 out into the Sahara Desert or one of the 103 00:02:22,680 --> 00:02:25,850 out into the Sahara Desert or one of the dry valleys of the Antarctic which had 104 00:02:25,850 --> 00:02:25,860 dry valleys of the Antarctic which had 105 00:02:25,860 --> 00:02:28,160 dry valleys of the Antarctic which had to function all by itself with automated 106 00:02:28,160 --> 00:02:28,170 to function all by itself with automated 107 00:02:28,170 --> 00:02:30,020 to function all by itself with automated equipment this is probably exactly what 108 00:02:30,020 --> 00:02:30,030 equipment this is probably exactly what 109 00:02:30,030 --> 00:02:32,600 equipment this is probably exactly what we would sing and let me say by the way 110 00:02:32,600 --> 00:02:32,610 we would sing and let me say by the way 111 00:02:32,610 --> 00:02:33,890 we would sing and let me say by the way that we're looking primarily for 112 00:02:33,890 --> 00:02:33,900 that we're looking primarily for 113 00:02:33,900 --> 00:02:36,830 that we're looking primarily for microorganisms it would be rather 114 00:02:36,830 --> 00:02:36,840 microorganisms it would be rather 115 00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:39,320 microorganisms it would be rather fruitless of us for to look for horses 116 00:02:39,320 --> 00:02:39,330 fruitless of us for to look for horses 117 00:02:39,330 --> 00:02:41,810 fruitless of us for to look for horses on Mars we wouldn't look for horses on 118 00:02:41,810 --> 00:02:41,820 on Mars we wouldn't look for horses on 119 00:02:41,820 --> 00:02:42,980 on Mars we wouldn't look for horses on earth if we were looking for life 120 00:02:42,980 --> 00:02:42,990 earth if we were looking for life 121 00:02:42,990 --> 00:02:45,260 earth if we were looking for life because the chances would be medium to 122 00:02:45,260 --> 00:02:45,270 because the chances would be medium to 123 00:02:45,270 --> 00:02:47,630 because the chances would be medium to one against finding them with a random 124 00:02:47,630 --> 00:02:47,640 one against finding them with a random 125 00:02:47,640 --> 00:02:51,650 one against finding them with a random search Vikings mechanical arm pulls in a 126 00:02:51,650 --> 00:02:51,660 search Vikings mechanical arm pulls in a 127 00:02:51,660 --> 00:02:54,080 search Vikings mechanical arm pulls in a scoop full of Martian soil and drops it 128 00:02:54,080 --> 00:02:54,090 scoop full of Martian soil and drops it 129 00:02:54,090 --> 00:02:56,600 scoop full of Martian soil and drops it into a one cubic foot box that's really 130 00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:56,610 into a one cubic foot box that's really 131 00:02:56,610 --> 00:02:58,520 into a one cubic foot box that's really three completely automated testing 132 00:02:58,520 --> 00:02:58,530 three completely automated testing 133 00:02:58,530 --> 00:03:01,280 three completely automated testing laboratories it is here that the 134 00:03:01,280 --> 00:03:01,290 laboratories it is here that the 135 00:03:01,290 --> 00:03:03,260 laboratories it is here that the possibilities for or against the 136 00:03:03,260 --> 00:03:03,270 possibilities for or against the 137 00:03:03,270 --> 00:03:09,440 possibilities for or against the presence of life will be determined what 138 00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:09,450 presence of life will be determined what 139 00:03:09,450 --> 00:03:11,420 presence of life will be determined what will it mean to earthlings if life is 140 00:03:11,420 --> 00:03:11,430 will it mean to earthlings if life is 141 00:03:11,430 --> 00:03:14,780 will it mean to earthlings if life is found on Mars it must mean that the 142 00:03:14,780 --> 00:03:14,790 found on Mars it must mean that the 143 00:03:14,790 --> 00:03:17,780 found on Mars it must mean that the universe is is literally an inhabited 144 00:03:17,780 --> 00:03:17,790 universe is is literally an inhabited 145 00:03:17,790 --> 00:03:19,460 universe is is literally an inhabited universe with many planets that have 146 00:03:19,460 --> 00:03:19,470 universe with many planets that have 147 00:03:19,470 --> 00:03:22,040 universe with many planets that have life on it now if there are many planets 148 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:22,050 life on it now if there are many planets 149 00:03:22,050 --> 00:03:23,030 life on it now if there are many planets that have life on it 150 00:03:23,030 --> 00:03:23,040 that have life on it 151 00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:26,750 that have life on it there is no doubt at all that to rest 152 00:03:26,750 --> 00:03:26,760 there is no doubt at all that to rest 153 00:03:26,760 --> 00:03:28,840 there is no doubt at all that to rest your life is not going to be the most 154 00:03:28,840 --> 00:03:28,850 your life is not going to be the most 155 00:03:28,850 --> 00:03:31,970 your life is not going to be the most advanced civilization the most highest 156 00:03:31,970 --> 00:03:31,980 advanced civilization the most highest 157 00:03:31,980 --> 00:03:33,950 advanced civilization the most highest level of consciousness we must be 158 00:03:33,950 --> 00:03:33,960 level of consciousness we must be 159 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:35,930 level of consciousness we must be somewheres in the broad spectrum of 160 00:03:35,930 --> 00:03:35,940 somewheres in the broad spectrum of 161 00:03:35,940 --> 00:03:38,210 somewheres in the broad spectrum of possibility and that drives you to the 162 00:03:38,210 --> 00:03:38,220 possibility and that drives you to the 163 00:03:38,220 --> 00:03:42,610 possibility and that drives you to the conclusion is that there may be 164 00:03:42,610 --> 00:03:42,620 conclusion is that there may be 165 00:03:42,620 --> 00:03:47,089 conclusion is that there may be conscious life elsewhere in the universe 166 00:03:47,089 --> 00:03:47,099 167 00:03:47,099 --> 00:03:49,670 Vikings to Mars and the search for life 168 00:03:49,670 --> 00:03:49,680 Vikings to Mars and the search for life 169 00:03:49,680 --> 00:03:52,239 Vikings to Mars and the search for life there this country's first close-up 170 00:03:52,239 --> 00:03:52,249 there this country's first close-up 171 00:03:52,249 --> 00:03:56,170 there this country's first close-up scientific exploration of the Red Planet 172 00:03:56,170 --> 00:03:56,180 scientific exploration of the Red Planet 173 00:03:56,180 --> 00:03:58,239 scientific exploration of the Red Planet you